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From The AICPA Audit Committee Toolkit.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants,
Inc., New York, New York.
Purpose of This Tool.
A key defense against fraud occurring in an organization is the availability
of a means for employees and other constituents to anonymously report
suspected wrongdoing (whistleblowing). Respondents to a 2004 survey by
the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) revealed that various
forms of fraud are detected 40 percent of the time by tips, the leading
method for detecting fraud.1 Also,
ACFE recommends opening the system to suppliers, customers, and others,
which can increase the number of reports by approximately 50 percent.2
While whistleblower programs are not required of not-for-profit organizations,
many agree that it is a prudent practice to follow. In addition, some
states have adopted whistleblower provisions, and federal law prohibits
retaliation against anyone "blowing the whistle" with respect to a violation
of a federal law or regulation.
If a not-for-profit organization chooses to institute a whistleblower
program, this tool could be used by the audit committee and management
to implement an appropriate policy and process, to review any complaints
received regarding internal accounting controls or auditing matters,
and to track complaints received to an appropriate resolution.
1 Association
of Certified Fraud Examiners, 2004 Report to the Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse
, Austin , TX : ACFE, 2004, p 18.
2 Association of Certified Fraud
Examiners, 2004 Report to the Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse
, Austin , TX : ACFE, 2004, p. 19. |
Sample Whistleblower Policy
State regulatory requirements for establishing whistleblower reporting programs and for the protection of employees from retaliatory actions should be considered in developing and implementing a whistleblower policies such as the example that follows.
ABC Organization Whistleblower Policy
General
The ABC Organization Code of Conduct (hereinafter referred to as the Code) requires
directors, other volunteers, and employees to observe high standards of business
and personal ethics in the conduct of their duties and responsibilities. Employees
and representatives of the organization must practice honesty and integrity
in fulfilling their responsibilities and comply with all applicable laws and
regulations.
The objectives of the ABC Organization Whistleblower Policy are to establish
policies and procedures for:
- The submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting or audit
matters by employees, directors, officers, and other stakeholders of the
organization, on a confidential and anonymous basis.
- The receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by the organization
regarding accounting, internal controls, or auditing matters.
- The protection of directors, volunteers and employees reporting concerns
from retaliatory actions.
Reporting Responsibility
Each director, volunteer, and employee of ABC Organization has an obligation
to report in accordance with this Whistleblower Policy (a) questionable or
improper accounting or auditing matters, and (b) violations and suspected violations
of ABC Organization's Code (hereinafter collectively referred to as Concerns).
Authority of Audit Committee
All reported Concerns will be forwarded to the Audit Committee in accordance
with the procedures set forth herein. The Audit Committee shall be responsible
for investigating, and making appropriate recommendations to the Board of Directors,
with respect to all reported Concerns.
No Retaliation
This Whistleblower Policy is intended to encourage and enable directors, volunteers,
and employees to raise Concerns within the Organization for investigation and
appropriate action. With this goal in mind, no director, volunteer, or employee
who, in good faith, reports a Concern shall be subject to retaliation or, in
the case of an employee, adverse employment consequences. Moreover, a volunteer
or employee who retaliates against someone who has reported a Concern in good
faith is subject to discipline up to and including dismissal from the volunteer
position or termination of employment.
Reporting Concerns
Employees
Employees should first discuss their Concern with their immediate supervisor.
If, after speaking with his or her supervisor, the individual continues to
have reasonable grounds to believe the Concern is valid, the individual should
report the Concern to the Director of Human Resources. In addition, if the
individual is uncomfortable speaking with his or her supervisor, or the supervisor
is a subject of the Concern, the individual should report his or her Concern
directly to the Director of Human Resources.
If the Concern was reported verbally to the Director of Human Resources, the
reporting individual, with assistance from the Director of Human Resources,
shall reduce the Concern to writing. The Director of Human Resources is required
to promptly report the Concern to the Chair of the Audit Committee, who has
specific and exclusive responsibility to investigate all Concerns. If the Director
of Human Resources, for any reason, does not promptly forward the Concern to
the Audit Committee, the reporting individual should directly report the Concern
to the Chair of the Audit Committee. Contact information for the Chair of the
Audit Committee may be obtained through the Human Resources Department. Concerns
may be also be submitted anonymously. Such anonymous Concerns should be in
writing and sent directly to the Chair of the Audit Committee.
Directors and Other Volunteers
Directors and other volunteers should submit Concerns in writing directly
to the Chair of the Audit Committee. Contact information for the Chair of the
Audit Committee may be obtained from the Chief Financial Officer.
Handling of Reported Violations
The Audit Committee shall address all reported Concerns. The Chair of the
Audit Committee shall immediately notify the Audit Committee, the President,
the Executive Director, and Chief Operating Officer of any such report. The
Chair of the Audit Committee will notify the sender and acknowledge receipt
of the Concern within five business days, if possible. It will not be possible
to acknowledge receipt of anonymously submitted Concerns.
All reports will be promptly investigated by the Audit Committee, and appropriate
corrective action will be recommended to the Board of Directors, if warranted
by the investigation. In addition, action taken must include a conclusion and/or
follow-up with the complainant for complete closure of the Concern.
The Audit Committee has the authority to retain outside legal counsel, accountants,
private investigators, or any other resource deemed necessary to conduct a
full and complete investigation of the allegations.
Acting in Good Faith
Anyone reporting a Concern must act in good faith and have reasonable grounds
for believing the information disclosed indicates an improper accounting or
auditing practice, or a violation of the Codes. The act of making allegations
that prove to be unsubstantiated, and that prove to have been made maliciously,
recklessly, or with the foreknowledge that the allegations are false, will
be viewed as a serious disciplinary offense and may result in discipline, up
to and including dismissal from the volunteer position or termination of employment.
Such conduct may also give rise to other actions, including civil lawsuits.
Confidentiality
Reports of Concerns, and investigations pertaining thereto, shall be kept
confidential to the extent possible, consistent with the need to conduct an
adequate investigation.
Disclosure of reports of Concerns to individuals not involved in the investigation
will be viewed as a serious disciplinary offense and may result in discipline,
up to and including termination of employment. Such conduct may also give rise
to other actions, including civil lawsuits.
| Instructions for Using This Tool. Before
using this tool, the audit committee should review any applicable state
or local laws or regulations, and the appropriate rules promulgated by
other relevant regulatory bodies, if any. |
Sample
Whistleblower Tracking Report |
Date Submitted |
Tracking Number |
Description of Concern |
Submitted By
Employee (E)
Constituent (C)
Vendor (V)
Stakeholder (S)
Other (O) |
Current Status:
R Resolved
UI Under Investigation
D Dismissed
W Withdrawn
P Pending/
No Action |
Actions
Taken |
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Date |
Comments |
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From The
AICPA Audit Committee Toolkit. Copyright ©
2005 by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., New
York, New York.
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